According to different chemical compositions. Antistatic agents can be divided into sulfuric acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, amines, quaternary ammonium salts, imidazoles, and ethylene oxide derivatives. According to whether the hydrophilic group in the anti-static agent molecule can ionize, it can be divided into two types: ionic and non-ionic. Ionic antistatic agents are divided into three types based on the positive or negative charge after ionization: cationic, anionic, and zwitterionic.
1. Cationic anti-static agent:
(1) Monofunctional group: stearyltrimethylammonium hydrochloride, mainly used for polyolefins ABS、 Polycarbonate, etc;
(2) Dual functional group: antistatic agent stearamide propyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium nitrate, mainly used as an antistatic agent for polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene film and products.
2. Anionic anti-static agent:
(1) Monofunctional antistatic agent sodium nonylphenoxypropyl sulfonate (NP), mainly used for chloroacetic acid resin ABS、 Polyolefins, etc;
(2) Multi functional antistatic agent alkyl bis (α - hydroxyethyl amine phosphate), mainly used for the synthesis of fibers;
(3) Polymer antistatic agents include salts of polyacrylic acid salts, maleic anhydride and other unsaturated monomer copolymers, polystyrene benzenesulfonic acid, etc. Mainly used for fibers.
3. Non ionic anti-static agent:
(1) Tetrabromobisphenol A is mainly used in ABS, epoxy resin, and polyurethane. It is also a flame retardant;
(2) Stearic acid monoglycerides, such as ADA-10M and ASA-10, are mainly used for polyolefins.
4. Bipolar anti-static agent:
(1) Alkyl dicarboxylammonium ethyl lactone, mainly used in polyester, nylon, etc;
(2) Dodecyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium salt, mainly used in polyester, polypropylene, nylon, etc.
Due to their different chemical structures and properties, various anti-static agents produce different effects.
Cationic quaternary ammonium salts have strong adhesion to polymer materials and good anti-static properties, making them a commonly used anti-static agent in plastics. However, they can irritate the skin and are toxic, making them unsuitable for food packaging films.
Anionic anti-static agents usually have no effect on the skin and do not affect the coloring of plastics, but are rarely used in plastics except for acidic alkyl phosphates or salts and alkyl sulfates.
Non ionic materials generally have lower anti-static properties than ionic materials, but they have good thermal stability and are less likely to cause plastic aging, making them particularly suitable for low temperature conditions; It can also be used in combination with anionic or cationic anti-static agents.
The biggest feature of amphoteric anti-static agents is that they can be used in combination with anionic or cationic agents. They all have strong adhesion to polymers, thus exhibiting excellent anti-static properties.
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